Most Remarkable Confluence Points Where Water Bodies Refuse To Mix

Confluences are points where two bodies of water meet. In most cases, they are points where small tributaries feed a larger river; On other ocassions, where two large rivers meet and in rarer cases, where the river itself meets the Ocean. Generally, the are usually remarkable sites and attract visitors and admirers globally.

But there are confluences, and there are confluences. Yes, there are!

What makes some of the confluences remarkable? Thier rude immiscibility!! 

Some rivers outrightly reject each other. Yeah, it happens and they are usually remarkable scenes.

Lets look at eight major of such remarkable global points.

Lets start digging....

1. Confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers (Lytton, BC, Canada)

Mind-blowing is the word. A true beauty to behold. The Thompson River characterized by powerful rapids and beautiful canyons is the 3 largest river of British Columbia. The Fraser River on the other hand which happens to be the longest river in Canada has a grey muddy colour due to its heavy sediment content. The result of their amalgamation is an immiscible row of pure hue and brown ribbon flowing side by side.

2. Confluence of the Green and Colorado Rivers (Canyonlands National Park, UT, USA)

The Colorado River is a very long body of water that flows through big US states. Like the Thompson river, it is characterised by  canyons and cataracts and has a reddish look due to passage through predominantly clayey terrain. The Green River as the name implies has a bright frightening green colour  and  carries a much denser load of dirt. The two rivers meet in Canyonlands National Park in Utah in  a very remarkable way and a much more glorious topography. It is one of Americas most iconic geographic sites.

3. Confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers (Cairo, IL, USA)

The Mississippi River is the 4th largest and 10th longest river in the world - running from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. It carries less sediment than the Ohio River, giving it a greener tinge. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi and contains high levels of sediment, turning it a brown color. When the two rivers meet, directly below Cairo, IL, the sight is unforgettable.

4. Confluence of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers (Devprayag, India)

Both the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers are both major Himalayan rivers loaded with Hindu culture and history. The Alaknanda travels 118 miles through the Alaknanda Valley before meeting the dam filled and more turbulent Bhagirathi River in Deyprayag. It is one of the worlds most respected heritage sites.

5. Confluence of the Rio Negro and the Rio Solimoes (near Manaus, Brazil)

The Rio Negro is the largest left tribute of the Amazon River and the largest black water river in the world. Technically, the Rio Negro is not black (as its name implies), but does harbour a very dark color. When it meets the Rio Solimoes,  the two rivers meet side by side without mixing. You can clearly see a stark contrast between the deep coloured Rio Negro and the sandy-muddy Amazon River.

6. Confluence of the Jialing and Yangtze Rivers (Chongqing, China)

The Jialing River of China is a very sinuous and winding body of water. It is distinguished by its purity and clear colored waters, much cleaner than the Yangtze River of which it feeds into. The Yangtze River on the contrary, is the longest river in Asia. Unfortunately, it has suffered major industrial pollution in recent years, which is what gives it its brown colour 



They meet in Chongquing and the sight is a good illustration of the rude pang of civilization.

7. Confluence of the Ilz, Danube, and Inn Rivers (Passau, Germany)

A sheer triplet of natural beauty. In Passau, Germany: the Ilz, Danube, and the Inn, all with their own distinct coloring amalgamate in a startling confluence. The Ilz River is a smaller mountain stream, running through the Bavarian forest before meeting with the 2 other larger water bodies. It has a bluer color than the Danube and Inn Rivers, the later which runs through Switzerland, Austria, and Germany is the deepest of the three hues.

8. Confluence of the Rhone and Arve Rivers (Geneva, Switzerland)

The Rhone and the Arye are major European rivers running through France and the Swiss Alps. The Rhone has a much bluer color when the two of which meet in Geneva. This is because The Arye unlike its bluer colleague receives most of its water from glaciers of the Chamoniz Valley, which gives it a high silt content and muddy-looking color. They run side by side for miles, rejecting any attempt of miscibility. The scene attracts thousands of admirers all over the world yearly and is regarded as one of Europe’s most adored scene.







Photo Credit

Pin interest
The American Southwest
Alami Stock
Yellow Fever

Ching Wing
Flickr
Reddit
@Tristan
www.loupiole.com


If you enjoyed the article, do not forget to click follow and use the comment box below.

Top Most Notorious Hackers That The World Has Ever Seen

Ingenuity has always been an integral part of the humanity. From unprecedented manipulation of the natural limbs to jaw-breaking use of the brain. I mean you need to pay a visit to Albert Einstein! If he is dead, try Usain Bolt!!

A completely rare level of ingenuity is Hacking. Funny enough, Hackers have always been a integral part of the information world since the entry of computers (of course, arguably all giant computer companies have loads of them).

What most people actually don’t know is the amount of ISIS-class havocs wreaked by some of these guys’ antics. Their collateral damages sometimes ring into billions of hard earned dollars.

Today we will be rounding up the top eleven most notorious Hackers that the world has ever bred and what has made their ingenuity so infamous.

Let’s start digging… 

RYAN COLLINS

AGE: 37

What other way can we start our irresponsible tale than with the most irresponsible ingenuity so far. This guy just enjoyed wrecking havoc for fun. This dude successfully hacked into icloud, gmail as well as other airtight storage sites and leaked nude pictures of top celebrities without even thinking of making a dime from them. Just for the fun of it!

Ryan Collins, a resident of Pennysylvania when finally caught, admitted (in a widely broadcasted scandal known as ‘Celebgate’ or ‘The Flappening’) to using a phishing scheme to gain access to private photos and videos of top celebrities such as Jennifer Lawrence, Kate Upton and various others and releasing them into top photo sharing and social media sites such as Reddit and  4-Chan.

The 37 year old graduate of James Madison University was lucky to get a reduced sentence of few months due to lack of evidence. After all, every smart guy covers his ass.

In case forget, its noteworthy to add that the bloke was just a chef when he was doing all these.

ADRIAN LAMO (THE HOMELESS HACKER)

AGE: 34

I just love this guy. Exactly like the hackers in the movies. He runs his ‘shit’ right under your noses.

Adrian Lamo got the nickname “homeless hacker” because of his transient lifestyle of using outdoor venues such as coffee shops and libraries for his dubious activities.

Irrespective of this extreme exposure, this guy won worldwide respect by successfully hacking into computer networks of Google, Yahoo! and even Microsoft. Nemesis finally caught up with him when he successfully gained entry into the New York Times and changed the contents of an article (slotting in his name as one of the expert sources).

Who once said that pride comes before a fall.

It took 15 months of thorough investigation to fish him out and land him a six-month house arrest as punishment (thanks to a well negotiated plea bargain).

But trust a natural mischief maker; he soon got himself into the books again in no time. This time in the government’s good books by hacking and revealing Chelsea Manning as the culprit behind the leaking of US Army documents to wikileaks. This got him a new nickname ‘Snitch’ among hackers.

KELVIN MITMICK

AGE : 51 

This guy was so good at what he was doing that the Judge in charge of his case (when arrested) ordered him to be put in solitary confinement because “...he has the capacity of starting a nuclear war - with just a phone!!”. Damn!!!

“The Darkside Hacker” as he was nicknamed started hacking at the age of 15. At this age, he could hack into Los Angeles City transportation network system and steal tickets. Then, he called it ‘social engineering’.

The social engineering became threatening when it graduated to wrecking networks of IT warlords such as Pacific bell, Nokia, Motorola and IBM.

He was arrested in 1995 but went back to hacking after serving 12 months in prison – this time, Hit and Run hacking. He was the most wanted computer criminal for 3 years and finally got imprisoned again in 1999.

Today, he works as a top security consultant for a major firm and has transformed to a responsible White hat. So much for a social engineer.

ASTRA

AGE: 59

An anonymous hacker who has not been publicly recognized till date- (maybe because the government may be using him for undercover activities). 

Based in Greece, thise dude is said to have hacked into the systems of a top aviation group – Dassault Group for a period of more than 5 years. During this period, he stole sensitive weapons technology information and sold them to competitors in different countries.

His costumer running into hundreds spanned across Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, South Africa and the Middle East with damages amounting into close to 500 million dollars.

Though his identity is still hidden, he is said to be 59-year old mathematician. He was apprehended in 2008.

OWEN THORN WALKER (AKILL)

AGE: 26

Another infant genius whole skills where unimaginable for a kid of his age. At 18, Owen was so good that he had successfully broken into 1.3 million computers and stole more than 20 million dollars.

Due to lack of finances, Owen Walker was home schooled. This gave him time to learn complex programming and encryption science. This, he used in creating and writing codes for an international hacker network that wrecked financial and security damages running into hundred millions of dollars.

Overall, he was said to have made only 32,000 dollars for all his troubles. When convicted in 2008, he was forced to cough out 11,000 dollars but escaped conviction because of his age. He now works for an online security company.

MAX RAY BUTLER

AGE: 50

Nicknamed ‘Iceman’, Butler was a computer security consultant who turned into one of humanity’s most notorious hackers.

Iceman digitally acquired about two million credit card numbers and stole over 86 million dollars fraudulently.

He was finally arrested in 2007 and sentenced to 13 years imprisonment.

Quite harsh right - considering what his more deadly colleagues had to face as punishments?

 Well, some of the monies he stole took a lifetime to save. I say, it serves  him right.

KEVIN POULSSEN (DARK DANTEN)

Our list can’t be complete without this funny teenager. His irk for mischief is repute as having  started from the womb. His own department was in the hacking of phone networks. 

He came into global limelight when he famously hacked into the lines of L.A. radio station KIIS FM in order to be the 102nd caller and as such, winning himself a Porshe. He went on the run went the FBI started looking for him (but later appeared on the show unsolved mysteries).

‘Coincidentally’, throughout the show, the television station call lines went dead.

He was finally caught and jailed for five years and banned from using the internet for another three years.

Today, he works as a journalist for Wired.

ALBERT GONZALEZ (KINGCHILLI)

AGE: 33 

 A real businessman-hacker who took made a career out of the venture and made sure he lived luxuriously on the output of the venture.

The 34 year old was into stealing and selling private financial devices. He even founded a website  (With about 4000 members) where members  could buy and sell stolen bank account numbers, passports, drivers’ licenses, social security cards, credit cards, health insurance cards and even fake birth certificates.  It is said that more than 170 million shady deals were made between just 2005 and 2007.

The Florida based hacker himself did not withhold when spending the money gotten from the venture either. He was known for always staying in high-class hotels and throwing expensive parties.

He was subsequently charged with theft of fifteen credit cards in New Jersey but avoided punishment by snitching on 19 of his crew members and using them as scapegoats. Gross right! He was that uncool!!

He returned to Miami, regrouped and stole 45 million more credit and debit card numbers before being finally arrested in May 2008. He won’t be out until 2025.

Personally, I think he should have gotten the capital punishment. Maybe that’s why I am not a lawyer after all.

VLADIMIN LEWIN

AGE: UNKNOWN

Sharing the same name as his badass president, this bloke was no less a badder ass. Another remarkable Russian genius who we thought could only be found in the movies. This guy successfully broke into Citibank computers and  rewired as much a 10 million dollars into his own account. All without using an internet!!!

 Ingenious right, but yes he did it from the comfort of his sitting room!!

Funny enough, all he had to do was to tap into the telecommunication system of wealthy costumers and listen to them as they rattle off their private account information.

When finally arrested, he confessed to stealing only about 3.7 million dollars out of which the government were only able to recover 400 thousand dollars. He was ordered to return 240,000 back to Citibank and imprisoned for 3 years.

GARRY MCKINNON (SOLO)

AGE: 46 

Another nasty thorn in the governments flesh. He derived joy in damaging sensitive government data and information.

Between 2001 and 2002, Gary Mckinnon hacked into nearly one hundred military servers and deleted sensitive data, software, and files. The government had to spend as much as seven hundred thousand dollars to recover the damages. He is famous for usually living a message at his wake ‘ Your security system is crap. I am Solo. I will continue to disrupt at the highest levels’ .

This guy fed on NASA files like local information on his hard drive. He even claims that he has evidence that NASA has been talking to aliens. Weird!!

McKinnon currently lives in Britain and is a  currently a white hat.

ANONYMOUS

AGE: VARIOUS

It is said that good always overcomes evil (if that is  always entirely true). There is no better way to end our creepy epistle than with the tale of some creepy good guys. Anonymous is an online hacking grouped that was formed from 4 Chan in 2003. 

At first, it was a platform where online members pulled pranks on each other but soon, it metamorphosed into an online justice system. They target whoever they think is the bad guys.

Notoriously, they have successfully hacked and brought down on several occasions; Church of Sciencetology, the KKK and even PayPal .

They also got involved with the case of Michael Brown, Tamar Rice and Charlie Hebdo; hacking and exposing criminating documents.

The group fractured into smaller groups in 2008 after its leader Hector Mansegur snitched on other members of the group to the FBI to save his skin. The  team nevertheless, group up on several occasions though to tackle some major cases of injustice; example the immigration enforcement bill SB 1070 case.

So afterall, Hacking may not always such a bad idea.

If you enjoyed this article, do not forget  to click follow and use the comment box below.

Photo credit

Wired

Twitter.com

Dark Government

Crown (2001)

US secret Service

Top Wealthiest Kids on Earth

They say money makes the world go round. This statement is widely proven to be true; after all, they say who hates a comfortable life?

Most people work their asses all through their lives for wealth. Some end up successful, others not – some end up rich at their life-peaks, others at their mid-lives. Sadly, most - non at all!!!

Today, we are not interested in any of this ambitious fellows (they can keep their money). We would be looking at those that are swimming in greens even before they could even qualify for a date.
Teens! Toddlers!! Even crawlers!!!! Lets take a look at the worlds top most wealthy kids.

 Jaylen Bledsoe

Net worth: $3.5 Million

At the age of 12, this innovative kid performed a wonder. He founded a company!! - an information technology consulting company called Bledsoe Technologies. 

As at  2013, the enterprise was working with at least  150 contract employees who provided clients with graphics, website designs and other technological services. 

According to Bledsoe, he was planning to expand his business into building hotels and developing apps that’d allow people to open rooms using their phones. Who  said life begins at 18 – that dude needs to meet Jaylen.

Bledsoe also admitted  that his success mantra was his willingness to take risks.

Rico Rodriguez

Net worth: $4 Million

Best known for playing Manny Delgado in ABC smashing hit show Modern Family, this is another bloke that touched green papers quite early. 

 Rodriguez has since worked on a broad range of other projects including seven films and a number of other successful television series like  My Name Is Earl, NCIS, Sesame Street as well as loads of others.

Recipient of a number of Teen Choice Awards and Young Artist Award, Rodriguez has already earned $4 million as an actor.

 In 2012 he wrote a book titled “Reel Life Lessons… So Far.” I honestly wonder what he even knows about life – at his age!!!

 Elle Fanning

Net worth: $5 Million

Mary Elle Fanning is an American actress. She made her debut in 2001 playing the younger version of her sister Dakota Fanning in the TV series – ‘Taken'. 

Other movie roles such as roles in famous films like My Neighbour Totoro and Babel immediately followed but  it was in 2006, when she began having offers of lead roles fore big movies such as Phoebe in Wonderland, Somewhere, We Bought a Zoo and Maleficent.

However her breakthrough role came in the film Super 8. Made on budgets of $50 million, they grossed over $260 million upon it release. Well, as we well know, a big budget movie also means a bigger purse for the lead actors.

 Jaden Smith

Net worth: $8 Million

Oh yes, that skinny Jakie Chan’s boy that fought with a broken ankle.

This outrageously popular bloke is the son of the popular American actor Will Smith. Like his father Jaden too is an actor. He made his debut in the 2006 blockbuster film The Pursuit of Happiness alongside his father. 

In 2010, he starred with Jackie Chan in the remake of the 1984 film, The Karate Kid (2010). He has also appeared in the remake of the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008). 

In 2013, Jaden and Will Smith worked together again in the science fiction action adventure film called After Earth. The film, unlike The Pursuit of Happiness was severely criticized and bombed at the box-office.

Abigail Breslin

Net worth: $12 Million

Abigail Kathleen Breslin is an American actress and a singer. She began her career when she landed a gig for a commercial when she was just 3-years-old. Two years later, Breslin debuted in her first film, Signs (2002) directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film was a massive box office success.

Her breakthrough though, came in 2006 when she starred in a comedy-drama called Little Miss Sunshine. The film was a critical and commercial às and landed her many juicy nominations including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and Screen Actors Guild Award. If she could land this at her age, some older folks should be ashamed of themselves.

 Valentina Paloma Pinault

Net worth: $12 Million

She is the 10-years-old daughter of Mexican and American film actress, producer and director, Salma Hayek and the French billionaire, François-Henri Pinault.

Salma Hayek is best known for playing the 2002 film ‘Frida' after the famous Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. Salma Hayek’s net worth is $85 million whereas Francois-Henri Pinault’s net worth is $5 billion.

 Although Valentina’s net worth is $12 now (which itself is a thing), she will definitely inherit millions more from her super rich parents once she becomes old enough. Did I hear somebody gasp?

 Nick D’aloisio

Net worth: $30 Million

Another self made financial kid-lord, Nick D’aloisio is a young computer programmer who  became an internet entrepreneur when he was just 15 years of age.

A technological genius, D’aloisio is best known for inventing Summly, an application for iOS which he later sold to Yahoo ffora whooping $30 million.

This invention won him many accolades including Wall Street Journal’s “Innovator of the Year” as well as TIME Magazine’s one of the world’s most influential teenagers. In 2014 he also won the Apple Design Award at WWDC.

Currently, pursuing Computer Science and Philosophy from Hertford College, Oxford University, D’aloisio is one of the youngest self-made millionaires in the world – Far more richer than some top old politicians even without dirtying his fingers.

Dannielynn Birkhead

Net worth: $59 Million

Who said that there is no money in Hollywood. Born in 2006, Dannielynn Hope Marshall Birkhead is the daughter of Anna Nicole Smith and Larry Birkhead.

Anna Nicole Smith was an American Playboy model actress, and television personality.  Well as we know, Anna Smith died in 2007 from an overdose of prescription drugs.

After her mother’s demise, Dannielynn became the heiress to Smith’s estate. This did not come without opposition since Dannielynn had been wrapped in a muddy paternity case since her birth. The case centering around who was Dannielynn’s biological father received tremendous media coverage.

In 2013 Dannielynn became the face of Guess Girl’s Spring line and of course more money keeps rolling in.

Knox and Vivienne Jolie Pitt

Net worth: $67.5 Million

Did i hear some grumblings – well its Hollywood money again and there definitely nothing we can do about it!!

Knox & Vivienne Jolie Pitt are twins of Hollywood power couple Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt.

This kids started making money When they were born in 2008, in a seaside hospital in Nice, France. There were media people circling the place like a vulture trying to catch one glimpse of the children such thay the first picture of Knox & Vivienne Jolie Pitt was reported sold for $14 million which became the most expensive celebrity photographs ever taken.

Yes. That figure is not exaggerated!!

Prince George Alexander Louis

Net worth: $1 Billion

My word! My word! My word!!!! What us the national budget of St Greg Island again?

Officially called Prince George of Cambridge, he is the son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.

A flurry of things happened before and after Prince George was born. The British national economy was expected to experience a positive jump, a lullaby entitled “Sleep on” was composed in his name and well you know, there's something called royalties. The point is when a baby’s so popular, wealth will naturally grow. Besides the royal British family is undoubtedly one of the richest families ever.

Currently Prince George Alexander Louis is just four years old and already a self-made billionaire. 

Lest i forget, Ghana is one of the richest countries in Africa, They have a total number of Zero billionaires and George Louise is four years old.

Top most dangerous water bodies on earth

There are quite few things that a man cannot do without. Water is one of them. Fortunately for us, mother nature has been very kind and generous - creating springing water bodies even in the driest and rockiest regions of the earth. 

However, our great mother has not been so benevolent in her generosity because some of these water bodies even as they done our horizons turned out to be curses to humanity- with some going to the length of becoming outright deathtraps. Indiscriminate behavior of humans itself have not been quite helpful in de-worsening the situation as they have single-handedly turned various harmless water bodies into black death zones.

These zones are littered all over the planet. So today, we would be looking at the top most deadly waters in the world.

Lets start from the bubbler of civilization itself - Europe;

Rio Tinto River - Spain

Flickr
Now, what river in its healthy condition has deep red waters. Yes, that’s the colour of the Rio Tinto, the first warning of its blatant deadliness. River Tinto  a highly acidic river with a pH going  as low as 1.7. 

Wells its curse is directly inked to its blessing- can you imagine? Its beds are so rich in heavy metals like gold, silver, and copper such that it has been the major source of finance for cities over the years. Now, due to  years of intense and indiscriminate mining, pollution became inevitable. The river became a breeding environment fir chemolithotrophic organisms such as iron-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In short, It became a dead spring flowing.

Boiling Lake, Dominica Republic

      Flickr/Jean and Nathalie

Located in the Morne Trois Pitons National Park, this Lake is actually the world's second largest hot spring and unarguably the hottest. The water temperature along its edges usually go as high as  82 to 92 degrees  and the center's temperature is – ( well you can go and check that out for yourself, I am definitely not trying). Before you go, you will need to be armed with a useful information that the centre is always boiling!!! You can thank me later.

Lake Kivu, Rwanda and  Democratic Republic of Congo Border

Flickr/YAOTieno


If you did some basic geography,you must have heard of the  Great Rift Valley that is slowly being pulled apart with accompanying terrific volcanic activity. Well, It's mostly known for its maximum depth of 485 meters – and this!  250 cubic kilometers of carbon dioxide and 65 cubic kilometers of methane gas!!!

What can be deadlier? Surprisingly, it does not lack swimmers – nor casualties.

Citarum River, Indonesia

Flickr/Jordi Bernabeu Farrús

Believe it or not, that picture is very real. River Citarum is famous globally for one thing -  garbage!. And all man-made. The place is so filled with non-biodegradable waste and harmful chemicals that it's known to be the world's most polluted river.

Sources range from the 200 textile factories lining the river bank that dyes and chemicals like arsenic and mercury  into the river to the millions of residents who treat the river as a huge trash bin. Of course,  no one's crazy enough would drink water from this dumpsite. Even Mad Max.

Lake Karachay, Russia

Lake Karachay is a small lake in the southern Ural mountains, Russia. Since 1951 the Soviet Union used Karachay as a dumping site for radioactive waste from Mayak - one of Russias largest nuclear facility. It is one of the most polluted spot on Earth accumulating  about 4.5 exabecquerels (EBq) of radioactivity over less than 1 square mile of water! Try taking a bath in indian pepper.

The sediment of the lake is composed almost entirely of high level radioactive waste to a depth of roughly 11 feet and is sufficient to give a lethal dose to a human within 1 hour.

 Radiation from the Chernobyl disaster alone released from 5 to 12 EBq of radioactivity over thousands of square miles to aggravate the pollution of the lake.

This pollution has caused the rise of cancer and birth defect rates among the local residents living around the area. It has also gone as bad as making fishes in the lagoon blind. You can imagine...

The Blue Lagoon, Derbyshire, UK

Flickr/Colin Day


Originally an abandoned quarry in Harpur Hill called Far Hill Quarry, It got flooded and became "The Blue Lagoon" due to its striking blue tint. A very beautiful death-gate. First, the water is highly toxic with a pH level of 11.3 which is highly alkaline and can cause fungal infections such as skin and stomach problems. The lagoon also contains rubbish like  dead animals, excrement and automobile waste.

The gorge surprisingly is a popular site for outdoor activities like kayaking, boating, fishing, and hiking enthusiasts irrespective of its deadly nature.

Out of frustration, local authorities had to dye the whole lagoon black to press home the seriousness of its health threat. Well, that effort did not work. Who said there is no fun in horror?

Potomac River , Maryland–West Virginia Border, USA

Even though most people know the Potomac as the river on which  Washington, DC is situated on, the legendary river can also be associated with something less legendary: horrible deaths.

The area between Great Falls and Chain Bridge is characterized by  series of rapids and waterfalls that  can send their victims spiraling downward for almost an entire length of 1.5 kilometers. If that’s not enough, the river’s strongest currents are actually underwater, so if you mistakenly fall in, well – sorry is the name.

At least, six people die each year at the Potomac, and many more risk their lives simply by playing near or around it. There is even a large poster at the bank saying “If you enter the river, you will die” Can a red light be less glaring? But if it was that easy, folks would have stopped smoking a century ago.

Horseshoe Lake - California

Situated in the Mammoth Mountain lava dome complex in Mono County, California. Massive eruptions happened here every 5000 years and so was considered harmless (at least till the next thousand of years) until 20 years ago when the  trees around the lake miraculously started to shrivel and die.

After months of thorough analysis, perplexed scientists finally concluded the trees were choking on excessive levels of carbon dioxide seeping up from subterranean chambers.

In 2006, three people who took shelter in a nearby cave died from the high volume of carbon dioxide. Who said that there was less than a million ways to die in the west.

Lake Nyos – Cameroun, West Africa

Lake Nyos is a crater lake in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. The lake is very deep with high flank sides of an inactive volcano. Pocket of magma lies beneath the lake and leaks carbon dioxide into the water, changing it into carbonic acid turning it into a geographic death trap.

On August 21, 1986 as the result of a landslide the Lake emitted an immense cloud of CO2 suffocating 1,700 people and 3,500 livestock.

The water is so deadly that even the ravaging Boko Haram terrorist group are feared less than this water body by the locals.